無論是身處學(xué)校還是步入社會,,大家都嘗試過寫作吧,借助寫作也可以提高我們的語言組織能力。大家想知道怎么樣才能寫一篇比較優(yōu)質(zhì)的范文嗎,?以下是我為大家搜集的優(yōu)質(zhì)范文,,僅供參考,,一起來看看吧
語法基本知識篇一
學(xué)英語,,最基礎(chǔ)的當(dāng)然是語法了,,下面是關(guān)于語法的基礎(chǔ)英語知識,,希望對大家有幫助,。
(一)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
1.一般情況,直接加-s,,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以―輔音字母+y‖結(jié)尾,,變y為i, 再加-es,,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以―f或fe‖結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,,如:knife-knives
5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):
man-men,
woman-women,
policeman-policemen,
policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children,
foot-feet,
tooth-teeth,
fish-fish,
people-people,
chinese-chinese,
japanese-japanese
不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名詞的格
1.有生命的東西的名詞所有格:
(1) 單數(shù)后加 ‘s 如: lucy‘s ruler my father‘s shirt
(2)以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ‘如: his friends‘ bags
(3)不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 ‘s children‘s shoes
并列名詞中,,如果把 ‘s加在最后一個名詞后,表示共有,;
如:tom and mike‘s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
表示所有物不是共有的,,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加‘s.
如:tom‘s and mike‘s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
2.表示無生命東西的名詞通常用― of +名詞‖來表示所有關(guān)系:
如:a picture of the classroom a map of china
(一) 不定冠詞:a / an
元音讀音開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an id card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an hour an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(二)定冠詞:the
定冠詞的用法:
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物: the ruler is on the desk.
2.復(fù)述上文提到的人或物:he has a sweater. the sweater is new.
3.談話雙方都知道的人或物:the boys aren‘t at school.
4.在序數(shù)詞前: john‘s birthday is february the second.
5.用于固定詞組中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠詞的情況:
(1)專有名詞前:china is a big country.
(2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
this is my baseball.
(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:monkeys can‘t swim. they are teachers.
(4)在節(jié)日,日期,,月份,,季節(jié)前:today is christmas day. it‘s sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:we have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球類 棋類運動前:they often play football after class. he plays chess at home. * 但樂器前要用定冠詞:i play the guitar very well.
(7)學(xué)科名稱前:my favorite subject is music.
(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:this is mr li.
(9)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus
(一)、形容詞的比較級
1,、形容詞比較級在句子中的運用:兩個事物或人的比較用比較級,,比較級后面一般帶有單詞than,。比較級前面可以用more, a little來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格),。
2.形容詞加er的.規(guī)則:
⑴ 一般在詞尾加er ,;
⑵ 以字母e 結(jié)尾,加r ,;
⑶ 以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結(jié)尾,,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er ,;
⑷ 以―輔音字母+y‖結(jié)尾,,先把y變i,再加er ,。
3.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副詞的比較級
1.形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形,,有形用be;有動用副,,有副用動) ⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后 ⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實義動詞之后
2.副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相同 (不規(guī)則變化:well-better, far-farther)
(一)基數(shù)詞
1.1-20
one,,two,three,,four,,five,six,,seven,,eight,nine,,ten,eleven,,twelve,,thirteen,fourteen,,fifteen,, sixteen,seventeen,,eighteen,,nineteen,twenty
2.21-99
先說―幾十‖,,再說―幾‖,,中間加連字符。
23→twenty-three,,34→thirty-four,,45→forty—five,,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,,78→seventy-eight,,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
3.101—999
先說―幾百‖,,再加and,,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);
586→five hundred and eighty-six,,803→eight hundred and three
4.l,,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),,每三位數(shù)加一個―,,‖,第一個―,,‖前為thousand.第二個―,,‖前為million,第三個―,,‖前為billion 1,,001→one thousand and one
18,423→eighteen thousand,,four hundred and twenty-three
6,,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750,,000,,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion
(二)序數(shù)詞
1.一般在基數(shù)詞后加th
→fourth,,thirteen→thirteenth
2.不規(guī)則變化
one→first,,two→second,three→third,,five→fifth,,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,,twelve—twelfth
3.以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),,變y為ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth,, ninety→ninetieth
4.從二十一后的―幾十幾‖直至―幾百幾十幾‖或―幾千幾百幾十幾‖只將個位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞,。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)為序數(shù)詞的口訣: 基變序,有規(guī)律,,詞尾加上-th.
一,,二,三,,特殊記,,詞尾字母t,d,d. 八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。 ty將y變成i,,th前面有個e.
若是碰到幾十幾,,前用基來后用序。
(一).at表示時間概念的某一個點,。(在某時刻,、時間、階段等),。
at 1:00(dawn,,midnight,noon)在一點鐘(黎明,、午夜,、中午)
(二).on表示具體日期。
注:(1)關(guān)于"在周末"的幾種表示法:
at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整個周末
during the weekend在周末期間
(2)在圣誕節(jié),,應(yīng)說at christmas而不說on christmas
(3)在(剛……)的時候,。
on reaching the city he called up his parents. 一到城里他就給父母打了一個電話。
(三).in.表示"時段",、"時期",,在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換,前者強調(diào)對比,,后者強調(diào)持續(xù),。 in(during)1988(december,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月,、二十世紀(jì))
動詞的四種時態(tài):
(一)一般現(xiàn)在時:
一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成
動詞:主語+be(am, is, are)+其它,。如: i am a boy. 我是一個男孩。
2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它),。 如: we study english. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。 當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時,,要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es",。如:mary likes chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。 動詞+s的變化規(guī)則
(1)一般情況下,,直接加-s,,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
(2)以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以―輔音字母+y‖結(jié)尾,,變y為i, 再加-es,,如:study-studies
(二)一般過去時:
動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:
1.、規(guī)則動詞
① 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry
– carried worry – worried (注意play,、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
④ 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped b,、不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(三)一般將來時: 基本結(jié)構(gòu):
①be going to + do,;
②will+ do. be going to = will i am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = i will go swimming tomorrow.
(四)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時: am,is,are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞
動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結(jié)尾的動詞,,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
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